{"id":2039,"date":"2023-12-30T00:14:21","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T20:14:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/?p=2039"},"modified":"2023-12-30T00:16:36","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T20:16:36","slug":"nuran%c9%99-ibadova-m%c9%99is%c9%99t-zorakiligi-il%c9%99-%c9%99laq%c9%99dar-dovl%c9%99tin-pozitiv-ohd%c9%99likl%c9%99ri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/?p=2039","title":{"rendered":"Nuran\u0259 \u0130badova: “M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri”"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nuran\u0259 Akif q\u0131z\u0131 <\/strong>\u0130<\/strong>badova<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u018fdliyy\u0259 Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llimi,<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin dissertant\u0131<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

I d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li \u0259dliyy\u0259 qulluq\u00e7usu<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

nurane-ibadova@mail.ru<\/em><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozuntusu kimi. \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r:<\/strong><\/em> insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r, azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hsdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> <\/em>human rights, women’s human rights, domestic violence, positive obligations, restriction of the right to freedom<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

X\u00fclas\u0259<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u0130rqind\u0259n, r\u0259ngind\u0259n, cinsind\u0259n, dinind\u0259n v\u0259 siyasi \u0259qid\u0259sind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmaya\u00adraq b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n eyni statusa malik olmas\u0131\u00a0 v\u0259 h\u0259r k\u0259sin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan b\u0259rab\u0259r faydalanmas\u0131 m\u00fcasir demokratik c\u0259miyy\u0259tin \u0259sas d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n birini t\u0259\u015fkil edir.\u00a0 Lakin uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 aid oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r \u00f6vlad\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n qad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 ki\u015fil\u0259rl\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha \u00e7ox pozulmu\u015fdur. Son bir ne\u00e7\u0259 onillikd\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n daha yax\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259si istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq, regional v\u0259 milli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 ger\u00e7\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirimi\u015f m\u00fch\u00fcm h\u00fcquqi islahatlara dair \u00e7oxlu n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r olsa da bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 probleml\u0259r h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 qalmaqdad\u0131r. M\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq\u00a0 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n universall\u0131\u011f\u0131 prinsipind\u0259n, qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f formalar\u0131ndan biri olan m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259n b\u0259hs edilir v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 v\u0259 onun n\u0259zar\u0259t orqan\u0131 olan Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin rolu v\u0259 t\u0259siri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Summary<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Domestic violence as a violation of human rights. Positive obligations of the state in connection with domestic violence and restriction of the right to freedom of the person in connection with the prevention of domestic violence.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

One of the main values of modern democratic society is that all people, regardless of their race, color, gender, religion, or political beliefs, have the same status and everyone benefits equally from human rights. But for a long time, human rights were thought to always belong to men, and the rights of women, who make up half of the human race, were violated more than men. Although there are many examples of important legal reforms implemented at the interna\u00adtional, regional, and national levels in the last few decades to better protect wo\u00admen’s rights, problems in this direction still remain. In this regard, the article talks about the principle of universality of human rights, the positive obligations of the state regarding domestic violence, which is one of the most widespread forms of violence against women, and the issues related to the restriction of a person’s right to freedom in connection with the prevention of domestic violence that are covered by the European Convention on Human Rights and its supervisory body. It is discussed within the framework of the role and influence of the European Court of Human Rights.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 h\u0259r g\u00fcn m\u00fcxt\u0259lif formalarda t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n v\u0259 b\u0259\u00adz\u0259n h\u0259tta \u00f6l\u00fcml\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n zorak\u0131l\u0131q hallar\u0131na dair m\u0259lumatlar fonunda zorak\u0131\u00adl\u0131q t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259si il\u0259 \u00fcz-\u00fcz\u0259 qalan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 bu c\u00fcr zorak\u0131l\u0131q hadis\u0259\u00adl\u0259\u00adrinin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259qsiri olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin m\u0259suliyy\u0259t\u0259 c\u0259lb edilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar t\u0259cili t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259si z\u0259rur\u0259ti yaran\u0131r. \u00dcmumilikd\u0259 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 x\u00fcsusil\u0259 d\u0259 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 dominant gender stereo\u00adtipl\u0259rind\u0259n qaynaqlanan v\u0259 onlar\u0131 davam etdirm\u0259y\u0259 xidm\u0259t ed\u0259n, qad\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u0131x\u0131\u015f\u00add\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bir vasit\u0259dir.(1) M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da daxil ol\u00admaqla qa\u00ad\u00add\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q hallar\u0131, Avropada insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 sus\u00adqun\u00adluqla yana\u015f\u0131lan gender \u0259sasl\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n \u0259n ciddi formalar\u0131ndan biridir. Di\u00adg\u0259r qurbanlara, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, u\u015faqlar, ki\u015fil\u0259r v\u0259 ya\u015fl\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da giz\u00ad\u00adl\u0259dil\u0259n anlay\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, bu is\u0259 olduqca \u00e7ox ail\u0259y\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259m\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259\u00adnir. Avropa \u00fczr\u0259 yay\u0131lma d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259lum deyildir, lakin bir \u00e7ox \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r mil\u00ad\u00adli s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sini \u00f6l\u00e7m\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 getdikc\u0259 daha \u00e7ox sor\u011fu aparm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Metodologiyalar\u0131n f\u0259rql\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 baxmaya\u00adraq, bu sor\u00ad\u00ad\u00ad\u011fular\u0131n icmal\u0131 onu g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259r boyu b\u00fct\u00fcn qad\u0131nlar\u0131n be\u015fd\u0259-birind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq, d\u00f6rd\u0259-birin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259ri yetkin h\u0259yat\u0131 boyunca \u0259n az\u0131 bir d\u0259f\u0259 fiziki zo\u00adra\u00adk\u0131\u00adl\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r, onda-birind\u0259n \u00e7oxu is\u0259 cinsi zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan, o c\u00fcml\u0259\u00add\u0259n g\u00fcc t\u0259tbiqind\u0259n istifad\u0259d\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015fdir. Zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131, o c\u00fcm\u00adl\u0259d\u0259n psixoloji t\u0259zyiq \u00fczr\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259ricil\u0259r 45%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r y\u00fcks\u0259k olmu\u015fdur. Bel\u0259 zo\u00adrak\u0131l\u0131q aktlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti onlara bilavasit\u0259 yax\u0131n olan sosial m\u00fchitd\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r, \u0259ks\u0259r hallarda is\u0259 partnyorlar v\u0259 ya ke\u00e7mi\u015f partnyorlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilir (2).<\/p>\n

T\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259 g\u00f6st\u0259rir ki, fundamental insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 pozulmas\u0131 hallar\u0131, zorak\u0131l\u0131q, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n cinsi m\u0259nsubiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131q hallar\u0131 c\u0259miyy\u0259tin a\u015fkar m\u0259nfi m\u00fcnasib\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6z\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u0259, habel\u0259 son ill\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irdiyi t\u0259sirli t\u0259dbirl\u0259r\u0259 baxmaya\u00adraq, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ox \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, \u00f6lk\u0259mizd\u0259 d\u0259 problem olaraq qalmaqdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 normativ h\u00fcquqi bazan\u0131n bey\u00adn\u0259lxalq t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259y\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 onunla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 sah\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lumatland\u0131rma v\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin t\u0259\u015fviqi, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan z\u0259r\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin a\u015fkarlanmas\u0131 v\u0259 erk\u0259n identifikasiyas\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan z\u0259r\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin m\u00fcasir standart\u00adlara uy\u011fun yard\u0131m xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259min olunmas\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan z\u0259r\u0259r \u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li m\u00fcdafi\u0259si sisteminin formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 dair 2020\u20132023-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Milli F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u0259sas istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rini t\u0259\u015fkil edir (3).<\/p>\n

D\u00f6vl\u0259t bu sah\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f Milli F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131nda h\u0259m qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 \u00fczr\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259r tutulmal\u0131 \u0259sas prinsipl\u0259ri, prioritetl\u0259ri m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015f, h\u0259m d\u0259 bu istiqam\u0259td\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilm\u0259li t\u0259dbirl\u0259r plan\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 i\u015fl\u0259yib haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li m\u00fcdafi\u0259si c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial strukturunda onlar\u0131n \u00f6z h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 m\u0259nfi t\u0259sir ed\u0259n v\u0259 onlar\u0131n ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n bir s\u0131ra anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n h\u0259rt\u0259\u00adr\u0259fli ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u0259sini t\u0259l\u0259b edir. Bununla \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da insan h\u00fcquq\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n universall\u0131\u011f\u0131 prinsipind\u0259n, qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f formalar\u0131ndan biri olan m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259\u00adrind\u0259n b\u0259hs edilir v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 onun n\u0259zar\u0259t orqan\u0131 olan Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquq\u00adlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin rolu v\u0259 t\u0259siri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fczakir\u0259 edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u201cQad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d fikri bir ne\u00e7\u0259 \u0259sri \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n uzun tarix\u0259 malik feminist h\u0259r\u0259kat kontekstind\u0259 yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u0130fad\u0259nin d\u0259qiq m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00e7\u0259tindir. Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131n\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si m\u00fcasir demokratik c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259sas d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n birini t\u0259\u015fkil ets\u0259 d\u0259 bu d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rin ist\u0259r beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqi aktlarda, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tdaxili qanunvericilik s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 \u00a0t\u0259sbit edilm\u0259si he\u00e7 d\u0259 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 prioritet hesab edilm\u0259yib v\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada qad\u0131nlar h\u0259yatlar\u0131 boyu m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq ki\u015fil\u0259rd\u0259n daha \u00e7ox insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131ndan \u0259ziyy\u0259t \u00e7\u0259kirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131nlara m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin l\u0259\u011fv edilm\u0259si v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r aras\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si ideyas\u0131n\u0131n beyn\u0259lxalq insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 s\u0259\u00adn\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 t\u0259sbit edilm\u0259sind\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck rol oynam\u0131\u015f h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 1947-1948-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Mill\u0259tl\u0259r T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n \u0130nsan Haqlar\u0131 Komissiyas\u0131n\u0131n qad\u0131n n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259si Hindistanl\u0131 feminist Hansa Mehta qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u201c\u00dcmumd\u00fcnya \u0130nsan Haqlar\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259si\u201dnd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n ki\u015fi\u00adl\u0259rl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r b\u0259rab\u0259rh\u00fcquqlu i\u015ftifad\u0259\u00e7isin\u0259 \u00e7evrilm\u0259sind\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm rol oyna\u00adm\u0131\u015f\u00add\u0131r. O, \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 B\u0259yannam\u0259sinin layih\u0259sind\u0259 1-ci mad\u00add\u0259d\u0259 \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015fil\u0259r azad v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r do\u011fulur\u201d (“All men are born free and equal”)\u00a0 ifad\u0259sini \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar azad v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r do\u011fulur\u201d (“All human beings are born free and equal”)\u00a0ifad\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259sin\u0259 nail oldu (4).<\/p>\n

\u201cQad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d ifad\u0259si 1980-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 populyarl\u0131q qazand\u0131. F\u0259allar bu ifad\u0259d\u0259n beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqi standartlar\u0131n gender\u0259 h\u0259ssas t\u0259tbiqin\u0259 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran kampaniyalar\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edibl\u0259r (5).<\/p>\n

1993-c\u00fc ild\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 mexanizml\u0259rinin v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 yenid\u0259n baxmaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 Vyanada\u00a0 \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00fczr\u0259 \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya Konfrans\u0131 ke\u00e7irildi. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n rastla\u015fd\u0131lar\u0131, qad\u0131n olduqlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259ruz qald\u0131qlar\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qlar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn aspektl\u0259rini beyn\u0259lxalq ictimaiyy\u0259tin diqq\u0259tin\u0259 \u00e7atd\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u0259yl\u0259ri s\u0259f\u0259rb\u0259r etm\u0259y\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259ri \u201cQad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u00add\u0131r\u201d \u015f\u00fcar\u0131 alt\u0131nda kampaniya aparma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q problemi il\u0259 maraqlanan v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f c\u0259miyy\u0259ti f\u0259allar\u0131 bu kompaniya \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 diqq\u0259ti ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131na c\u0259lb etdil\u0259r. Konfrans qad\u0131nlar\u0131n v\u0259 q\u0131zlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcmumb\u0259\u015f\u0259ri insan h\u00fcquqla\u00adr\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00adm\u0259z v\u0259 ayr\u0131lmaz hiss\u0259si oldu\u011funu v\u0259 gender \u0259sasl\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131n\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n vacibliyini vur\u011fulayan Vyana B\u0259yannam\u0259si v\u0259 F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Proqram\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bulu il\u0259 yekunla\u015fd\u0131 (6).<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir h\u00fcquq elmind\u0259 v\u0259 h\u00fcquq praktikas\u0131nda \u201cqad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d ifad\u0259sin\u00add\u0259n tez-tez istifad\u0259 olunmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, bu termin bir qayda olaraq beyn\u0259l\u00adxalq konvensiyalarda birba\u015fa i\u015fl\u0259dilmir. Bunun \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq konvensi\u00adyalar ad\u0259t\u0259n gender b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi prinsipl\u0259ri v\u0259 cinsi ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u00admas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 daha konkret v\u0259 h\u00fcquqi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n d\u0259qiq terminl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 edir.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 diqq\u0259t \u00e7\u0259k\u0259n \u0259sas m\u0259qamlardan biri \u201cqad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d v\u0259 \u201cqad\u0131nlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d ifad\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131ndak\u0131 f\u0259rqdir. Bu terminl\u0259r b\u0259z\u0259n eyni anlamda i\u015fl\u0259dils\u0259 d\u0259\u00a0 da\u015f\u0131d\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259na bax\u0131m\u0131ndan\u00a0 n\u00fcansl\u0131 f\u0259rql\u0259r\u0259 malikdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcasir d\u00f6vrd\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 2 aspektd\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7iril\u0259 bil\u0259r: 1) \u00fcmumi insan v\u0259 v\u0259t\u0259nda\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aspektind\u0259; 2) yaln\u0131z qad\u0131nlara aid olan \u0259lav\u0259 h\u00fcquq v\u0259 azadl\u0131qlar aspektind\u0259 (7).<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 termini bir qayda olaraq qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bioloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olan\u00a0 v\u0259\u00a0 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosial rolundan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n probleml\u0259rinin h\u0259llin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 ifad\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn i\u015fl\u0259dilir. \u201cQad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d b\u0259z\u0259n qad\u0131n\u00adlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131na xas olan h\u00fcquqlar, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, reproduktiv se\u00e7im v\u0259 do\u011fu\u015fla ba\u011fl\u0131 h\u00fcquqlar kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr (8).<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ya q\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6z b\u0259d\u0259ni v\u0259 reproduktiv funksiyalar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcst\u0259qil q\u0259rarlar q\u0259bul etm\u0259k h\u00fcququ onun fiziki v\u0259 psixoloji toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n intim m\u0259\u00ads\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u0259rab\u0259rlik v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi toxunulmazl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Hamil\u0259liyin davam etdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 ya ona son verilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 q\u0259rar, \u0259sas v\u0259 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rar\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnki bu, onun b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k \u015f\u0259xsi h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 formala\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259r v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n dig\u0259r insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259sin\u0259 m\u00fch\u00fcm t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, \u0259n y\u00fcks\u0259k standartlara cavab ver\u0259n tibbi xidm\u0259t almaqda b\u0259rab\u0259rlik h\u00fcququ v\u0259 cinsi v\u0259 reproduktiv sa\u011flaml\u0131q v\u0259 ail\u0259 planla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olanlar da daxil olmaqla, s\u0259hiyy\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 \u00e7\u0131x\u0131\u015fda ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliy\u0259 yol verilm\u0259m\u0259si h\u00fcququ x\u00fcsusi m\u00fcdafi\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b edir (9).<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcy\u00fc kimi \u201cqad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d terrmini bu yana\u015fmalarda daha \u00e7ox \u00a0qa\u00add\u0131nlar\u0131n bioloji x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 x\u00fcsusi sosial rolu kontekstind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilir.<\/p>\n

\u201cQad\u0131n\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d termini is\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n universal insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si oldu\u011funu vur\u011fulay\u0131r. O, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n bir qrup olaraq daha geni\u015f insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 sisteminin tam istifad\u0259\u00e7isi kimi tan\u0131nmal\u0131, q\u0259bul edil\u00adm\u0259li olmas\u0131 fikrin\u0259 diqq\u0259ti y\u00f6n\u0259ldir. Ba\u015fqa s\u00f6zl\u0259, o vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, qad\u0131n h\u00fc\u00adquqlar\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 v\u0259 ya f\u0259rqli deyil v\u0259 onun ayr\u0131lmaz t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259lidir. Bu c\u00fcr m\u00f6vqe qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 gender \u0259sasl\u0131 ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0259sas insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6vzu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 \u0259sas m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya qad\u0131n\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 ifad\u0259sinin beyn\u0259lxalq h\u00fcquqi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tdaxili qanunvericilikd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilm\u0259sinin yol veril\u0259nliyi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u201cQad\u0131nlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131\u201d termini ilk bax\u0131\u015fda \u00e7a\u015fq\u0131nl\u0131q yarad\u0131r. Ax\u0131 t\u0259rifin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlara aiddir: qocadan g\u0259nc\u0259, z\u0259ngind\u0259n kas\u0131ba, xeyriyy\u0259\u00e7id\u0259n korrupsioner\u0259, qad\u0131n, ki\u015fi v\u0259 dig\u0259r cinsi kimlikl\u0259r\u0259. \u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqinin universall\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n d\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u0259n radikal x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259ti\u00addir (10).<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 ideyas\u0131 ilk n\u00f6vb\u0259d\u0259 bu h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n universal olmas\u0131 prin\u00adsipin\u0259 \u0259saslan\u0131r – onlar cinsind\u0259n, sinfind\u0259n, dinind\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 dig\u0259r f\u0259rq\u00adl\u0259r\u00add\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olmayaraq h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 \u015famil edilir. M\u0259hz h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n universall\u0131\u011f\u0131 onlar\u0131 bu q\u0259d\u0259r q\u00fcdr\u0259tli edir v\u0259 \u00e7ox vaxt m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan da m\u0259hz budur. Universall\u0131q s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri a\u015f\u0131r, h\u00fcquqi statusu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alm\u0131r, insanlara qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259r m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin rolunu t\u0259kzib edir (11).<\/p>\n

Fikrimizc\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n x\u00fcsusi kateqoriyas\u0131 kimi q\u0259bul edilm\u0259si universall\u0131q prinsipini sars\u0131da bil\u0259r v\u0259 qad\u0131n\u0131n daha \u0259lveri\u015fsiz v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259si il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259n ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u0259si qlobal miqyasda qad\u0131nlara ikinci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li insan kimi m\u00fcnasib\u0259ti davam etdirir (12).<\/p>\n

B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n qad\u0131n oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda konkret \u0259laq\u0259nin qurulmas\u0131 z\u0259rur\u0259ti ironikdir (13).<\/p>\n

Terminologiyan\u0131n se\u00e7imi insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 daxilind\u0259 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif strateji yana\u015fmalar\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259 bil\u0259r. \u018fsas m\u0259qs\u0259d qad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00fczl\u0259\u015fdiyi unikal probleml\u0259rin h\u0259llin\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirilm\u0259si v\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n tam spektrind\u0259n yararlanmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259si olmald\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hillari Klintonun 1995-ci ild\u0259 Pekind\u0259 ke\u00e7iril\u0259n D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00dcmumd\u00fcnya Qad\u0131nlar Konfrans\u0131nda dediyi kimi \u201cinsan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131d\u0131r, qad\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 is\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozuntusudur. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259\u00adlikl\u0259ri.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u018fn\u0259n\u0259vi olaraq qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozun\u00adtusu hesab edilmirdi v\u0259 bu problem yaln\u0131z bu sah\u0259d\u0259 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan h\u00fcquq m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7i\u00adl\u0259rinin v\u0259 qad\u0131n h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131 f\u0259allar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 aliml\u0259rin f\u0259dakar \u0259m\u0259yinin n\u0259tic\u0259si kimi h\u0259m milli, h\u0259m d\u0259 ben\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozuntusu kimi q\u0259bul edildi. M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yana\u015fmada qad\u0131nlar\u0131n sistemli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa, ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kilik v\u0259 t\u0259zyiql\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalmas\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u0259yat reall\u0131qlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131rd\u0131. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, uzun m\u00fcdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 qad\u0131nlar\u0131n m\u0259ruz qald\u0131qlar\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n h\u0259qiqi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na aid normalar siste\u00admind\u0259 adekvat \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259ks olunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. D\u00f6vl\u0259tin insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t etm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259si,\u00a0 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn bu h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 pozan h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0259\u00adkinm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259si kimi ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcnd\u0259n hakimiyy\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rinin birba\u015fa m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si olmadan \u00f6z\u0259l sah\u0259d\u0259 edil\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir qanunsuz h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t, o c\u00fcm\u00adl\u0259d\u0259n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 say\u0131lm\u0131rd\u0131. Bu c\u00fcr yana\u015fma is\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rinin haql\u0131 t\u0259nqidi il\u0259 \u00fczl\u0259\u015firdi. \u00c7\u00fcnki qad\u0131nlara m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n h\u00fcquq pozuntular\u0131 daha \u00e7ox d\u00f6vl\u0259t n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259\u00adl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n deyil, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dilirdi. Ona g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zora\u00adk\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00adna m\u0259ruz qalan qad\u0131nlar\u0131n qorunmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6h\u00add\u0259likl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259si z\u0259ruri idi.<\/p>\n

Bu bax\u0131mdan \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck add\u0131m Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259\u00adfind\u0259n at\u0131ld\u0131. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin bir s\u0131ra q\u0259rarlar\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa m\u0259ruz qalan qad\u0131nlara m\u00fcnasib\u0259td\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259rinin m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sin\u0259 \u00f6z t\u00f6hv\u0259sini vermi\u015f, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131, zorak\u0131l\u0131q qurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259si v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa yol vermi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin adekvat c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 d\u00f6v\u00adl\u0259tl\u0259rin r\u0259hb\u0259r tutmal\u0131 olduqlar\u0131 \u0259sas standartlar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdir. \u00a0Pre\u00adse\u00addent h\u00fcququ t\u0259hlil edildiyind\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 i\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 ba\u00adxar\u00adk\u0259n Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daha \u00e7ox Avropa \u0130nsan H\u00fcquqlar\u0131 Konven\u00adsi\u00adya\u00ads\u0131\u00adn\u0131n\u00a0 \u015f\u0259xsin ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnu t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n 2-ci madd\u0259si, \u015f\u0259xsin fiziki v\u0259 \u0259qli b\u00fc\u00adt\u00f6vl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc qoruyan 3-c\u00fc madd\u0259si (i\u015fg\u0259nc\u0259l\u0259rin qada\u011fan edilm\u0259si), \u015f\u0259xsi v\u0259 ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na h\u00f6rm\u0259t h\u00fcququnu t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n 8-ci madd\u0259si, f\u0259rdin s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li h\u00fcquqi va\u00adsi\u00adt\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 h\u00fcququnu t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n 13-c\u00fc madd\u0259si, ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin qada\u011fan edilm\u0259\u00adsi\u00adni t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n 14-c\u00fc madd\u0259sinin pozuntusunu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 edi\u00adlir.<\/p>\n

X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Opuz T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 (Opuz v. Turkey, No. 33401\/02) i\u015fi \u00fczr\u0259 Av\u00adropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin 9 sentyabr 2009-cu il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 x\u00fcsusi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb ed\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min i\u015fd\u0259 \u00a0\u0259riz\u0259\u00e7i v\u0259 onun anas\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7inin \u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 h\u00fcquq m\u00fchafiz\u0259 orqanlar\u0131na m\u00fcraci\u0259t ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 \u0259rin yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259ni qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 m\u00f6vcud \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 onun h\u0259bsinin qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib t\u0259dbir oldu\u011fu q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015f v\u0259 \u00fcmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin h\u0259lli il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 vur\u011fulad\u0131 ki, ail\u0259daxili zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa aid i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u00fcquq pozucular\u0131n\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qurbanlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2013 ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnu v\u0259 fiziki v\u0259 psixi toxunul\u00admazl\u0131q h\u00fcququnu \u00fcst\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259z. M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 bildirir ki, b\u0259zi hallarda dig\u0259r \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcdafi\u0259 etm\u0259k v\u0259 ya cinay\u0259t \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rinin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rdl\u0259rin \u015f\u0259xsi v\u0259 ya ail\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131na m\u00fcdaxil\u0259si z\u0259ruri ola bil\u0259r (14).<\/p>\n

Avropa \u015euras\u0131n\u0131n Nazirl\u0259r Komit\u0259si qad\u0131nlar\u0131n zorak\u0131l\u0131qdan m\u00fcdafi\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 30 aprel 2002-ci il tarixli t\u00f6vsiy\u0259sind\u0259 dig\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 bildirmi\u015fdir ki, \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r qurbanlar\u0131n maksimum t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyin\u0259 v\u0259 m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259, onlara d\u0259st\u0259k v\u0259 yard\u0131ma \u0259saslanan zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 milli siyas\u0259tl\u0259r haz\u0131rlamal\u0131 v\u0259 t\u0259k\u00admill\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259li, cinay\u0259t v\u0259 m\u00fclki qanunvericiliy\u0259 z\u0259ruri d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259rin edilm\u0259si, ictimaiyy\u0259tin maarifl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si, qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olan m\u00fct\u0259\u00adx\u0259ssisl\u0259rin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Nazirl\u0259r Komit\u0259si \u00fczv d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn formalar\u0131n\u0131 cinay\u0259t kimi t\u0259snif etm\u0259yi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edir v\u0259 bildirilir ki, m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdafi\u0259sin\u0259 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f m\u00fcv\u0259qq\u0259ti t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n v\u0259 cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259si iddia edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsin z\u0259r\u0259r\u00e7\u0259kmi\u015f \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259 t\u0259masda olmas\u0131n\u0131, onunla \u00fcn\u00adsiy\u00ady\u0259td\u0259 olmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya ona yax\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan ed\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259rin g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u0259si im\u00adkanlar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irilm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f verdiyi hallarda \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdud\u00adla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na dair Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin m\u00f6vqeyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n \u0259sas q\u0259\u00adrarlardan biri Kurt Avstiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fdir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259min i\u015fd\u0259\u00a0 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259d\u0259 bo\u015fanma iddias\u0131 qald\u0131ran qad\u0131n eyni g\u00fcnd\u0259 \u0259rini zorlama v\u0259 \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u0259kl\u0259 v\u0259 ya sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011fa a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259r\u0259r vurmaqla\u00a0 h\u0259d\u0259l\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 ittiham ed\u0259n \u0259riz\u0259 il\u0259 polis\u0259 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi. O, polis\u0259 \u0259rinin b\u0259z\u0259n iki u\u015fa\u011f\u0131na \u015fill\u0259 vurdu\u00ad\u011funu da bildirdi; azya\u015fl\u0131 o\u011flu v\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131 sor\u011fu-sual zaman\u0131 h\u0259m \u00f6zl\u0259rinin, h\u0259m d\u0259 analar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6y\u00fcld\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc t\u0259sdiql\u0259yibl\u0259r. H\u0259min g\u00fcn \u0259rin \u00f6z m\u0259nzilin\u0259, \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7inin valideynl\u0259rinin m\u0259nzilin\u0259 v\u0259 \u0259traf \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 qay\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 qada\u011fan ed\u0259n yeni qada\u00ad\u011fa v\u0259 m\u00fchafiz\u0259 q\u0259rar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131. \u018fr dindirilm\u0259y\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131b v\u0259 evin a\u00e7arlar\u0131 ondan g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcb. D\u00f6vl\u0259t Prokurorlu\u011fu da onun bar\u0259sind\u0259 cinay\u0259t i\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131b. \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra o, onlar\u0131n o\u011flunu m\u0259kt\u0259bd\u0259 g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259yib v\u0259 \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fcll\u0259l\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k intihar edib. U\u015faq daha sonra ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 x\u0259sar\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fib. \u018friz\u0259\u00e7i \u0259rinin istintaq t\u0259crid\u00adxa\u00adnas\u0131nda saxlanmal\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ed\u0259r\u0259k, d\u00f6vl\u0259tin ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnun t\u0259min edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259liyinin pozulmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u00fcraci\u0259t etdi.<\/p>\n

4 iyul 2019-cu il tarixli q\u0259rar\u0131nda Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin Palatas\u0131 yekdillikl\u0259 2-ci madd\u0259nin mahiyy\u0259t bax\u0131m\u0131ndan he\u00e7 bir pozuntusunu a\u015fkar etm\u0259di (15). Palatan\u0131n bu i\u015fd\u0259 cavablad\u0131rmal\u0131 oldu\u011fu sual ondan ibar\u0259t idi ki, o zaman m\u00f6vcud olan m\u0259lumatlar \u0259sas\u0131nda hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7inin \u0259rinin o\u011flunun h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qada\u011fa q\u0259rar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerl\u0259rd\u0259n k\u0259narda real v\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 t\u00f6r\u0259tdiyini bil\u0259 bil\u0259rdimi v\u0259 ya bilm\u0259li idimi, hans\u0131 ki, bunun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ancaq onu h\u0259bs etm\u0259kl\u0259 almaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn idi.<\/p>\n

Bu sual\u0131 cavabland\u0131rmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 Osman Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Krall\u0131\u011fa qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259y\u0259n etdiyi prinsipl\u0259r\u0259 istinad edi. H\u0259min i\u015fd\u0259 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 vur\u011fulam\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, m\u00fcasir c\u0259miyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 asayi\u015fi qoruma\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259rini, insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nc\u0259d\u0259n g\u00f6rm\u0259yin m\u00fcmk\u00fcns\u00fczl\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fc v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat se\u00e7iml\u0259rinin prioritetl\u0259r v\u0259 resurslar bax\u0131m\u0131ndan edilm\u0259li oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq, bu sah\u0259d\u0259ki pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259lik d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcz\u0259rin\u0259 qeyri-m\u00fcmk\u00fcn v\u0259 ya qeyri-m\u00fct\u0259nasib v\u0259zif\u0259 qoya bil\u0259c\u0259k t\u0259rzd\u0259 \u015f\u0259rh olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, he\u00e7 d\u0259 insan h\u0259yat\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 iddia edil\u0259n h\u0259r bir t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 onun realla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Konven\u00adsiyan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259bin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n operativ t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259sini do\u011furmur. Pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259liyin yaranmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn s\u00fcbut edilm\u0259lidir ki, d\u00f6vl\u0259t or\u00adqanlar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u0259r\u0259fin cinay\u0259tkar h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lum \u015f\u0259xsin h\u0259yat\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 real v\u0259 birba\u015fa t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259nin m\u00f6vcudlu\u011funu bilirdil\u0259r v\u0259 ya bilm\u0259li idil\u0259r v\u0259 h\u0259min t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259d\u0259n yaxa qurtarmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259ntiq\u0259 uy\u011fun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnc\u0259 \u0259sas\u0131nda onlar\u00addan g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259 bil\u0259n, s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 olan t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri g\u00f6rm\u0259yibl\u0259r. \u018fh\u0259\u00admiyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131yan dig\u0259r m\u00fclahiz\u0259 onu t\u0259min etm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir ki, polis cinay\u0259t\u00adkar\u00adlar\u0131 n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlamaq v\u0259 cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259rk\u0259n prosesin qanuniliyin\u0259 tam riay\u0259t etsin v\u0259 onun cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin ara\u015fd\u0131\u00adr\u0131lmas\u0131na v\u0259 h\u00fcquq pozucular\u0131n\u0131n \u0259dal\u0259t m\u00fchakim\u0259sin\u0259 c\u0259lb olunmas\u0131na y\u00f6n\u0259l\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rinin h\u00fcdudlar\u0131na qanuni m\u0259hdudiyy\u0259tl\u0259r qoyan dig\u0259r t\u0259minatlara, o c\u00fcml\u0259d\u0259n Konvensiyan\u0131n 5-ci v\u0259 8-ci madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 yer alan t\u0259minatlara tam h\u00f6rm\u0259t etsin (16).<\/p>\n

Palata g\u00f6st\u0259rdi ki, \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259li \u015f\u0259xs\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 qada\u011fa q\u0259rar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131xarmaq v\u0259 ya h\u0259tta onu h\u0259bs etm\u0259k bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259rar q\u0259bul ed\u0259rk\u0259n, bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 yaradan \u015f\u0259xsin h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n is\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131n h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131 diqq\u0259tl\u0259 balansla\u015fd\u0131rmaq\u00adda yerli hakimiyy\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0259tinlikl\u0259ri tam d\u0259rk edir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fd\u0131 ki, bu i\u00e7in konkret hallar\u0131nda \u0259rin h\u0259bs edilm\u0259si v\u0259 istintaq t\u0259cridxanas\u0131na sal\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fct\u0259nasib olmazd\u0131 v\u0259 Palata bu i\u015fd\u0259 ya\u015famaq h\u00fcquqnun pozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 g\u0259ldi<\/p>\n

Palatan\u0131n h\u0259min q\u0259rar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 x\u00fcsusi r\u0259y yazan Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 hakimi L\u0259tif H\u00fcseynov ya\u015famaq h\u00fcququnun pozulmamas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Palatan\u0131n \u00fcmumi q\u0259na\u0259ti il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fsa da, vur\u011fulad\u0131 ki, M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 \u00f6z q\u0259rar\u0131nda m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fin\u0259 Osman testi adlanan testi q\u0259ti \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edib. Bununla da, M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n f\u0259rqli sosial fenomen kimi \u00f6z\u00fcn\u0259m\u0259xsuslu\u00ad\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qa\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Osman B\u00f6y\u00fck Britaniyaya qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f \u00fczr\u0259 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f Osman testin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259liyin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259m\u0259si o halda ba\u015f verir ki, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259lum \u015f\u0259xsin h\u0259yat\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 real v\u0259 birba\u015fa risk m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011fu vaxt d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 bunu bildikl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya bilm\u0259y\u0259 borclu olduqlar\u0131 halda \u00f6z s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259sind\u0259 riskin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onlardan haql\u0131 olaraq g\u00f6zl\u0259nil\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irmirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

O vaxtdan b\u0259ri M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 cavabdeh D\u00f6vl\u0259tin h\u0259yat\u0131 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 alt\u0131nda olan \u015f\u0259xsi ba\u015fqa bir \u015f\u0259xsin cinay\u0259t \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n qorumaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcsb\u0259t \u00f6hd\u0259liyin\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l edib-etm\u0259diyin\u0259 dair q\u0259rar ver\u0259rk\u0259n h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 Osman testind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ets\u0259 d\u0259 L\u0259tif H\u00fcseynovun \u00a0haql\u0131 olaraq\u00a0 qeyd etdiyi kimi, bu testin aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konkret kontekstind\u0259, y\u0259ni m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r verdiyi hallarda \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 do\u011furur.<\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ox vaxt t\u0259k bir hadis\u0259 deyil, davaml\u0131 h\u0259d\u0259-qorxu v\u0259 sui-istifad\u0259 praktikas\u0131 oldu\u011fu geni\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259bul edilir. Buna g\u00f6r\u0259 d\u0259, d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259r bir akt\u0131na laz\u0131mi s\u0259yl\u0259 reaksiya verm\u0259li v\u0259 bu c\u00fcr h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259rin daha ciddi n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib \u00e7\u0131xarmamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn z\u0259ruri t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri g\u00f6rm\u0259lidirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi m\u00fcasir d\u00fcnyada m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qa\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fibnd\u0259n m\u00fcxt\u0259lif xarakterli t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irilis\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququ m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmaqla h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 bu t\u0259dbirl\u0259r aras\u0131nda \u0259n yax\u015f\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 nail olmaq vasit\u0259si kimi \u00f6z aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyur.<\/p>\n

Lakin yuxar\u0131da s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n Kurt Avstiyaya qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259 \u0259riz\u0259\u00e7inin xahi\u015fi il\u0259 B\u00f6y\u00fck Palataya g\u00f6nd\u0259rilmi\u015f \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u00e7\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 15 iyun 2021-ci il tarixli q\u0259rarda Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin d\u0259 qeyd etdiyi kimi Konvensiyan\u0131n 5-ci madd\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum etm\u0259nin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bel\u0259 bir t\u0259dbir h\u0259m d\u00f6vl\u0259tin milli qanunvericiliyin\u0259, h\u0259m d\u0259 5-ci madd\u0259nin 1-ci b\u0259ndind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f h\u0259bsd\u0259 saxlama \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259saslar\u0131n qapal\u0131 siyah\u0131s\u0131na uy\u011fun olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, 5-ci madd\u0259 insan\u0131n azadl\u0131q v\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsi toxunulmazl\u0131q h\u00fcququnu qoruyur. Burada istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n azadl\u0131q anlay\u0131\u015f f\u0259rdin fiziki azadl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edir v\u0259 m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 5-ci madd\u0259 il\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259n bu h\u00fcququ Konvensiyan\u0131n 2,3 v\u0259 4-c\u00fc madd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan h\u00fcquqlarla yana\u015f\u0131 f\u0259rdin fiziki toxunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qoruyan birinci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li \u0259sas h\u00fcquqlar siyah\u0131s\u0131na aid oldu\u011funu m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etmi\u015fdir. Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin yurisprindensiyas\u0131 demokratik c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259 azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun, onun h\u00fcquqi m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259nlik v\u0259 qanunun aliliyi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259sinin b\u00f6y\u00fck \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini vur\u011fulay\u0131r v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edir ki, 5-ci madd\u0259nin \u00fcmumi m\u0259qs\u0259di ondan ibar\u0259tdir ki, he\u015f k\u0259s, he\u00e7 bir zaman qanunsuz azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum edilm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qala bilm\u0259z (17).<\/p>\n

M\u00fcvafiq olaraq h\u0259bs edilm\u0259nin konkret \u0259saslar\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n ed\u0259n 5-ci madd\u0259nin 1-ci b\u0259ndinin a-f yar\u0131mb\u0259ndl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, he\u00e7 k\u0259s a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 hallardan v\u0259 qanunla m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n olunmu\u015f qaydadan ba\u015fqa azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum edil\u0259 bilm\u0259z:<\/p>\n

(a) s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259hkum olunduqdan sonra \u015f\u0259xsin qanuni h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

(b) m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259nin qanuni \u00e7\u0131xard\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259rar\u0131 icra etm\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 v\u0259 ya qanunla n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u00f6hd\u0259liyin icra olunmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin qanuni tutulmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

(c) h\u00fcquq pozuntusunun t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259sasl\u0131 \u015f\u00fcbh\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 orqan\u0131 qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na g\u0259tirilm\u0259si m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 v\u0259 ya onun t\u0259r\u0259\u00adfind\u0259n t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259n h\u00fcquq pozuntusunun, yaxud pozuntunu t\u00f6r\u0259tdikd\u0259n sonra giz\u00adl\u0259nm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r z\u0259ruri \u0259saslar oldu\u011funun hesab edildiyi hallarda \u015f\u0259xsin qanuni tutulmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

(d) yetkinlik ya\u015f\u0131na \u00e7atmam\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259xsin t\u0259rbiy\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259ti \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qanuni q\u0259rar \u0259sas\u0131nda h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya onun s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli orqana verilm\u0259si \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qanuni h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

(e) yoluxucu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rin, habel\u0259 ruhi x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin, alkoqolizm\u0259 v\u0259 narkomaniyaya m\u00fcbt\u0259la olanlar\u0131n v\u0259 ya s\u0259fill\u0259rin qanuni h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

(f) \u015f\u0259xsin \u00f6lk\u0259y\u0259 qanunsuz g\u0259lm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 v\u0259 ya bar\u0259sind\u0259 deportasiya yaxud ekstradisiya t\u0259dbirl\u0259ri t\u0259tbiq olunan \u015f\u0259xsin qanuni tutulmas\u0131 v\u0259 ya h\u0259bs\u0259 al\u0131nmas\u0131;<\/p>\n

Aksoy T\u00fcrkiy\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 bildirir ki, 5-ci madd\u0259 t\u0259m\u0259l insan h\u00fc\u00adququnu, y\u0259ni \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququna d\u00f6vl\u0259tin \u0259sass\u0131z m\u00fcdaxil\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin m\u00fcdafi\u0259sini t\u0259sbit edir.<\/p>\n

Saadi Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Krall\u0131\u011fa qars\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259 is\u0259 M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 vur\u011fulay\u0131r ki, 5-ci mad\u00add\u0259nin 1-ci b\u0259ndinin (a)-(1) yar\u0131mb\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum edil\u00adm\u0259\u00adsin\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n \u0259saslar\u0131n tam siyah\u0131s\u0131 verilir v\u0259 bu \u0259saslar\u0131n siyah\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u0259\u00ady\u0259n azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrumetm\u0259 qanuni deyil.<\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn onun azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 daha \u00e7ox bu siyah\u0131n\u0131n b), c) v\u0259 e) yar\u0131mb\u0259ndl\u0259rind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f \u0259saslara uy\u011fun g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

5-ci madd\u0259nin 1-ci b\u0259ndinin b) yar\u0131mb\u0259ndinin t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Ostendorf Almaniyaya qar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fd\u0259 Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si bildirmi\u015fdir ki, yaln\u0131z qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz cinay\u0259tin t\u00f6r\u0259dil\u0259c\u0259yi vaxt v\u0259 yer, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn qurbanlar yet\u0259ri q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259y\u00ady\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259 bildikd\u0259, cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259m\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259liyi “d\u0259qiq v\u0259 konkret” hesab oluna bil\u0259r. Konkret f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259si \u00f6hd\u0259liyind\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259liyi kontekstind\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 \u015f\u0259xsin s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u00f6hd\u0259liyini yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259diyi bar\u0259d\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 varmam\u0131\u015fdan \u0259vv\u0259l s\u00f6z\u00fcged\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsin yol verm\u0259m\u0259li oldu\u011fu bu konkret f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259n x\u0259b\u0259rdar edilib-edilm\u0259diyi v\u0259 bu h\u0259r\u0259\u00adk\u0259td\u0259n \u00e7\u0259kinm\u0259k ist\u0259yini n\u00fcmayi\u015f etdirib-etdirm\u0259diyi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r (18).<\/p>\n

M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259, h\u0259m\u00e7inin, yerin\u0259 yetirilm\u0259mi\u015f konkret t\u0259dbirl\u0259r t\u0259yin olunana q\u0259d\u0259r yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259m\u0259k \u00f6hd\u0259liyinin kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r spesifik v\u0259 konkret hesab edil\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259yini bildirir.<\/p>\n

M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 5-ci madd\u0259nin 1 (c) yar\u0131mb\u0259ndinin ikinci hiss\u0259si (\u015f\u0259xsin cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn z\u0259ruri olan h\u0259bs) \u00a0il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259si hesab edir ki, bu norma s\u0259lahiy\u00ady\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259li v\u0259 ya cinay\u0259t t\u00f6r\u0259tm\u0259y\u0259 meylli hesab etdikl\u0259ri \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u0259lmi\u015f \u00fcmumi profilaktik t\u0259dbir kimi istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 imkan vermir. H\u0259bs \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bu \u0259sas i\u015ftirak\u00e7\u0131 d\u00f6vl\u0259tl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn konkret v\u0259 d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f cinay\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259 vaxt\u0131 v\u0259 yeri v\u0259 qurbanlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti m\u0259lum olduqda qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 almaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir vasit\u0259d\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyildir. Saxlanman\u0131n \u0259sasland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn, Konvensiyan\u0131n 1-ci madd\u0259sinin 5-ci b\u0259ndinin “C” yar\u0131m\u00adb\u0259ndin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, d\u00f6vl\u0259t inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 s\u00fcbut etm\u0259lidir ki, \u0259g\u0259r bu cinay\u0259tin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sinin qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 al\u0131nmasayd\u0131, konkret \u015f\u0259xs, \u00e7ox g\u00fcman ki, konkret v\u0259 d\u0259qiq m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f cinay\u0259tin t\u00f6r\u0259dilm\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015ftirak ed\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

Konvensiyan\u0131n 5-ci madd\u0259sinin 1-ci b\u0259ndinin \u201cc\u201d b\u0259ndin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n h\u0259bs q\u0259\u00adtimkan t\u0259dbiri haqq\u0131nda q\u0259rarlara g\u0259ldikd\u0259, M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 qeyd edir ki, h\u0259bs q\u0259\u00adtim\u00adkan t\u0259dbiri he\u00e7 vaxt s\u0131rf qabaqlay\u0131c\u0131 t\u0259dbir kimi istifad\u0259 edil\u0259 bilm\u0259s\u0259 d\u0259, h\u0259r han\u00ads\u0131 risk qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259sinin faktlar\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri qabaqlay\u0131c\u0131 \u0259m\u0259liyyat t\u0259d\u00adbir\u00adl\u0259ri\u00adn\u0259 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn z\u0259rur\u0259t n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmaqla, sonrak\u0131 cinay\u0259tl\u0259r riskinin qiy\u00adm\u0259t\u00adl\u0259ndiril\u00adm\u0259si (ke\u00e7mi\u015f tarix v\u0259 \u00f6l\u00fcm riskinin proqnozu) kontekstind\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131na bil\u0259r. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, art\u0131q qeyd edildiyi kimi, bu \u0259sasda azadl\u0131qdan m\u0259hrum et\u00adm\u0259l\u0259r h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 daxili qanunvericilikd\u0259 adekvat \u0259sas t\u0259l\u0259b edir. \u0130st\u0259nil\u0259n halda, m\u0259hk\u0259\u00adm\u0259y\u0259q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259bsl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 milli standart\u0131n t\u0259min edilm\u0259m\u0259si d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqan\u00adla\u00adr\u0131\u00adn\u0131 \u00f6z s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri daxilind\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n edilmi\u015f risk s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 adekvat cavab ve\u00adr\u0259n ba\u015fqa, daha az m\u00fcdaxil\u0259edici t\u0259dbirl\u0259r g\u00f6rm\u0259k m\u0259suliyy\u0259tind\u0259n azad etmir (19).<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yekun<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Deyil\u0259nl\u0259ri \u00fcmumil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259kl\u0259 bu n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ki, insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 son d\u00f6vrl\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f qaydalara v\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7iril\u0259n t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 baxd\u0131qda onlarda qad\u0131nlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 standartlar\u0131n y\u00fcks\u0259ldiyini m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k olar.\u00a0 \u0130st\u0259r milli, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7ox add\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayd\u0131nd\u0131r. Ancaq bu da bir h\u0259qiq\u0259tdir ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 daimi t\u0259zyiq vasit\u0259si kimi istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n zorak\u0131l\u0131q hadis\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259\u0259ss\u00fcf ki, davam edir v\u0259 bu \u0259m\u0259ll\u0259ri t\u00f6r\u0259d\u0259nl\u0259r \u00e7ox vaxt c\u0259zas\u0131z qal\u0131rlar. Qad\u0131nlar\u0131n real v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r sald\u0131qda m\u0259lum olur ki, qad\u0131nlar v\u0259 ki\u015fil\u0259r qanun qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda b\u0259rab\u0259r olsalar da,\u00a0 faktiki b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlik davam edir. Qad\u0131n\u0131n c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259ki ikinci d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li rolu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f stereotipl\u0259ri\u00a0 tam aradan qald\u0131rmaq m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131b.<\/p>\n

H\u0259d\u0259f m\u0259qs\u0259d\u00a0 kimi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almaq laz\u0131md\u0131r ki, ki\u015fi v\u0259 qad\u0131n b\u0259rab\u0259rliyin\u0259 nail olunmas\u0131 v\u0259 qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 onlar\u0131n qad\u0131n olmas\u0131ndan ir\u0259li g\u0259l\u0259n ayr\u0131-se\u00e7kiliyin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 qad\u0131n problemi deyil, b\u00fct\u00f6vl\u00fckd\u0259 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda zorak\u0131l\u0131q qurban\u0131 olan qad\u0131nlara veril\u0259n institusional d\u0259st\u0259k v\u0259 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259rsizlikl\u0259rin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istiqam\u0259tind\u0259 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259r yet\u0259rli hesab edil\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Bu v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259k olar ki, qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n v\u0259 onun \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f formas\u0131 olan m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259d\u0259f kimi tamamil\u0259 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn at\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131m olan bir \u00e7ox add\u0131mlar var.\u00a0 Avropa M\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259sinin qeyd etdiyi kimi, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 iddialara\u00a0 s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tli d\u00f6vl\u0259t orqanlar\u0131 orqanlar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n s\u00fcr\u0259tli reaksiya g\u00f6st\u0259rilm\u0259li, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir v\u0259 ya bir ne\u00e7\u0259 qurban\u0131n\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn real v\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259nin olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcst\u0259qil, f\u0259al v\u0259 h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli risk t\u0259hlili apar\u0131lmal\u0131, t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259nin reall\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallar\u0131n\u0131n kon\u00adkret konteksti n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmaqla qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilm\u0259li v\u0259 risk t\u0259hlilinin n\u0259tic\u0259\u00adsind\u0259 h\u0259yat \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn real v\u0259 qa\u00e7\u0131lmaz t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259 olduqda onun aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn t\u0259h\u00adl\u00fck\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 adekvat v\u0259 m\u00fct\u0259nasib\u00a0 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata ke\u00e7irililm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u0130stifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f \u0259d\u0259biyyat:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. ARSLAN \u00d6NC\u00dc G. Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi sisteminde kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddet olgusu ve bununla m\u00fccadele ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (https:\/\/dergi\u00adpark.org.tr\/tr\/down\u00adload\/article-file\/411025<\/a>)<\/li>\n
  2. Qad\u0131nlara qar\u015f\u0131 zorak\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 onunla m\u00fcbariz\u0259 haqq\u0131nda Avropa \u015euras\u0131 Konvensiyas\u0131na \u0130zahat M\u0259ruz\u0259si, s\u0259h.24. https:\/\/rm.coe.\u00adint\/ic-explanatory-ic-aze-web\/16808e9a39<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u201cAz\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 m\u00fcbariz\u0259y\u0259 dair 2020\u20132023-c\u00fc ill\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Milli F\u0259aliyy\u0259t Plan\u0131\u201d (https:\/\/e-qanun.az\/fra\u00adme\u00adwork\/46358<\/a>)<\/li>\n
  4. WOMEN WHO SHAPED THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION, s\u0259h1 https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/observances\/human-rights-day\/women-who-shaped-the-universal-declaration<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0414\u044e\u0431\u0430\u043d \u042d. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u00ad\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044e, s\u0259h 20 (https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/trai\u00adning-manual-final-russian\/16807626a5<\/a>)<\/li>\n
  6. \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0410 \u0416\u0415\u041d\u0429\u0418\u041d \u2013 \u042d\u0422\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0410 \u0427\u0415\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0415\u041a\u0410, s\u0259h12 https:\/\/www.oh\u00adchr.org\/\u00adsites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Publications\/HR-PUB-14-2_ru.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. QADIN H\u00dcQUQLARININ M\u00dcDAF\u0130\u018fS\u0130: BEYN\u018fLXALQ V\u018f M\u0130LL\u0130 ASPEKTL\u018fR.http:\/\/scfwca.gov.az\/store\/media\/NewFolder\/Kitab%20Son%20.pdf<\/a> s\u0259h.12 )<\/li>\n
  8. (Noreen Burrows, \u201cInternational Law and Human Rights: The Case of Women\u2019s Rights\u201d in Tom Campbell, David Goldberg, Sheila McLean and Tom Mullen (eds), Human Rights: From Rhetoric to Reality (New York: Basil Blackwell, 1986), p.85 (https:\/\/open\u00adresearch-reposi\u00adtory.anu.edu.au\/bit\u00adstream\u00ad\/1885\/39503\/2\/01_Charlesworth_Two_steps_forward%2C_one_step_2014.pdf<\/a> ,s\u0259h1).<\/li>\n
  9. Women’s Autonomy, Equality and Reproductive Health in International Human Rights: Between Recognition, Backlash and Regressive Trends Working www.ohc\u00adhr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Documents\/Issues\/Women\/WG\/WomensAutonomyEqualityReproductiveHealth.pdf. s\u0259h1-2)<\/li>\n
  10. Charlesworth H. Two Steps Forward, One Step Back?: The Field of Wo\u00admen\u2019s Human Rights, s\u0259h.1 (https:\/\/openresearch-reposi\u00adtory.anu.edu.au\/bit\u00adstream\/1885\/\u00ad39503\/2\u00ad\/01_Char\u00adles\u00adworth_Two_steps_forward%2C_one_step_2014.pdf<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    11.\u0410\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041c. \u0410\u0439\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0433 \u042d. \u0417\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0420\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u00ad\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 _Russian.pdf s\u0259h. 22\/ learningpartners\u00adhip.org\/si\u00adtes\/default\/fi\u00adles\/re\u00adsources\/pdfs\/Be\u00adyond_Equa\u00adlity)<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u00c7EL\u0130K \u00d6. Gazi \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisadi ve \u0130dari Bilimler Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi 14\/1 (2012). 149-170 KADINLARIN \u0130NSAN HAKLARI HAREKET\u0130 * s\u0259h.10 \/dergi\u00adpark.org.tr\/tr\u00ad\/download\/article-file\/287304)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      13.Hawkins C. Women\u2019s human rights: The global intersection of gender equality, se\u00adxual and reproductive justice, and healthcare s\u0259h1 (file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\u00ad\/Ehti\u00adram\/Downloads\/Women_s_human_rights_The_global_intersec.pdf)<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Opuz v. Turkey, No. 33401\/02, 144-c\u00fc b\u0259nd (https:\/\/hu\u00addoc.echr.coe.\u00adint\u00ad\/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-92945%22]}<\/a> )<\/li>\n
      2. CASE OF\u00a0KURT\u00a0v.\u00a0AUSTRIA (Application no.\u00a062903\/15<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n
      3. CASE OF OSMAN v. THE UNITED KINGDOM (87\/1997\/871\/1083)<\/em><\/li>\n
      4. \u0414. \u0425\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0441, \u041c. \u041e’\u0411\u043e\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u041a. \u0423\u043e\u0440\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a. \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u041e \u0415\u0412\u0420\u041e\u041f\u0415\u0419\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0419 \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0412\u0415\u041d\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u041f\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0410\u041c \u0427\u0415\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0415\u041a\u0410 ,s\u0259h.383<\/li>\n
      5. CASE OF\u00a0OSTENDORF\u00a0v. GERMANY (Application no.\u00a0<\/em>15598\/08<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n
      6. CASE OF\u00a0KURT v. AUSTRIA (Application no.\u00a0<\/em>62903\/15<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        \u00a9<\/b>\u00a0M\u00fc\u0259llif h\u00fcquqlar\u0131 qorunur. <\/em><\/p>\n

        M\u0259lumatdan istifad\u0259 etdikd\u0259 istinad m\u00fctl\u0259qdir.<\/em><\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Nuran\u0259 Akif q\u0131z\u0131 \u0130badova \u018fdliyy\u0259 Akademiyas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f m\u00fc\u0259llimi, Bak\u0131 D\u00f6vl\u0259t Universitetinin dissertant\u0131 I d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259li \u0259dliyy\u0259 qulluq\u00e7usu nurane-ibadova@mail.ru \u00a0 M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131n\u0131n pozuntusu kimi. \u00a0 M\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar d\u00f6vl\u0259tin pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u015f\u0259xsin azadl\u0131q h\u00fcququnun m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. \u00a0 A\u00e7ar s\u00f6zl\u0259r: insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, qad\u0131nlar\u0131n insan h\u00fcquqlar\u0131, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t zorak\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0 pozitiv \u00f6hd\u0259likl\u0259r, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2040,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,36,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-elmi-mqallr","category-ictimai-elmlr","category-xbrlr-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2041,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2039\/revisions\/2041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zirve.info.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}